Neat

NEAT stands for NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies, and is a novel combination of genetic algorithms and artificial neural nets. There are a number of implementations, included a nice C# library called SharpNeat that is LGPLed. There is also a pretty darn cool app for evolving images, and the inventor of NEAT uses it to evolve some really cool spaceship images.

Cool, er, I mean, neat!